HEALTH ALARM: Exposing the Dangers of Non-Tropical Diseases By Aishat M. Abisola
The heavy rains in Nigeria over the past few months have led to significant flooding, especially in areas close to rivers. This has triggered an increase in waterborne diseases, which thrive in the rainy season due to higher risks of contamination.
Waterborne non-tropical diseases (NTDs) such as cholera, typhoid fever, and hepatitis A become more prevalent during this period, posing severe threats to public health.
Understanding Waterborne Diseases
Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that enter the body through contaminated water. The rainy season heightens these risks, as heavy rains often overwhelm sanitation systems, leading to the mixing of sewage and drinking water supplies. Poor infrastructure, inadequate waste disposal, and limited access to clean water further contribute to the spread of these diseases.
Common Waterborne Diseases in Nigeria
1. Cholera: An acute diarrheal illness caused by consuming water or food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Outbreaks are common in overcrowded areas with poor sanitation.
2. Typhoid Fever: Caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria, this illness spreads through contaminated water or food, with symptoms including fever, weakness, and abdominal pain.
3. Hepatitis A: A viral infection that affects the liver, transmitted through contaminated water via the fecal-oral route.
4. Dysentery: An intestinal infection leading to severe diarrhea, caused by bacteria or parasites.
5. Giardiasis: A parasitic infection from Giardia lamblia, causing gastrointestinal distress, spread through contaminated water.
6. Leptospirosis: An infection from water contaminated with animal urine, leading to a range of symptoms.
7. Schistosomiasis: A parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma worms, transmitted through freshwater infested with infected snails.
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Risks During the Rainy Season
Several factors amplify the risks of these diseases during the rainy season:
– Flooding: Floodwaters disrupt sanitation systems, contaminating drinking water sources.
– Population Displacement: Flooding forces people into overcrowded conditions, increasing the spread of diseases.
– Poor Hygiene: Contaminated food and water elevate the need for strict hygiene practices to prevent outbreaks.
Prevention and Safety Measures
To reduce the risks of waterborne diseases during the rainy season, the following preventive measures should be adopted:
1. Access to Clean Water: Ensure access to safe drinking water through boiling, treating, or establishing water purification systems.
2. Proper Sanitation: Government investment in sanitation facilities and regular maintenance is crucial to preventing water contamination.
3. Hand Hygiene: Regular hand washing with soap, particularly before eating and after using the toilet, should be emphasized.
4. Food Safety: Food should be thoroughly cooked and stored safely. Raw foods washed in contaminated water should be avoided.
5. Vaccination: Vaccines for diseases like hepatitis A and typhoid fever should be promoted, particularly in high-risk areas.
6. Health Education: Increasing awareness of waterborne diseases, their symptoms, and the importance of early treatment is key to reducing mortality.
7. Emergency Preparedness: Local governments should implement emergency response plans for flood-prone areas, ensuring access to medical care and supplies.
Last Line
The rainy season in Nigeria significantly heightens the risk of waterborne diseases. To safeguard public health, preventive measures such as clean water access, proper sanitation, and hygiene education must be prioritized. Collaboration between government agencies, NGOs, and communities is essential to reducing the impact of these diseases and protecting public health during this critical time.
